Phosphorus NMR is a common technique for characterizing nucleotides and phospholipids. Although less sensitive technique than H-1 NMR though a more senstive technique than carbon NMR due to having a 100% relative abundance. Phosphorus NMR can be useful technique to determine compound purity since most phosphorus peaks show up in characteristic regions. Phosphorus NMR can be a key tool to differentiate mono-, di-, and tri- phosphoesters from each other due to characteristic chemical shifts. Common shifts for certain functional groups are shown above but signals can range from +250 to -250 ppm.